"First Order" Polarization of the CMB Density perturbations at last scattering produce anisotropy of the Total Intensity - T spectrum Material flowing along gradients in the density field - resulting polarization pattern aligned with its gradient (E-modes) and has zero curl (B-modes). since density perturbations produce the motions there is TE cross correlation. Given T spectrum and standard cosmological model can predict expected E and TE spectra. ...if measurements don't match the whole framework falls apart! - Critical test!